Critical Minerals: Current Challenges and Future Strategies

 

Abstract

The demand for Critical Minerals (CMs) is soaring because of their extensive use in renewable energy generation, energy storage, energy transmission, scientific instrumentation, and a wide range of communication, military, and transport technologies. However, the supply of CMs faces several critical challenges like

• a few countries have a monopoly in mining and processing of particular CMs

• variable concentration and deposit grades in different geographical areas

• inadequate assessment of resources

• inefficient mining, extraction, and processing technologies,

• little to no recycling

• limited workforce and

• severe environmental and human health impacts associated with CM mining, processing, and production.

For environmentally sustainable development of the CM industry, countries need to make significant investments in advanced competitive research, development of efficient environment-friendly mining, extraction, and processing technologies, creation of robust environmental policy frameworks, and workforce development solutions.

 

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